Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27 August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. Events479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea. Along the with the Greek victory on the same day in the Battle of Mycale, the Persian invasion of Greece ended.

..... Click the link for more information. , 1770 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). EventsMarch 5 - Boston Massacre: 5 Americans killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American Revolutionary War 5 years later.
May 14 - Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.
May 16 - 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year old Louis-Auguste (who later becomes Louis XVI King of France).

..... Click the link for more information. - November 14 November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining. Events 1851 - Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick is published in the U.S. by Harper & Brothers, New York - after it was first published on October 18, 1851 by Richard Bentley, London.

..... Click the link for more information. , 1831 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). EventsFebruary-March - Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops
February 20 - Battle of Grochow. Polish rebel forces divide a Russian army.
March 1 - Democrat Samuel Smith becomes President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate until December 4
March 9 – French Foreign Legion founded
March 19 - City Bank of New York is the site of the first bank robbery in United States history ($245,000 taken).

..... Click the link for more information. ) was a German philosopher A philosopher is a person devoted to studying and producing results in philosophy. The word, "philosopher," literally means "lover of wisdom." Greek: "φί??? + s?φίa" Popular Western philosophers in (approximate) historical order


This article is part of the Influential Western Philosophers series

..... Click the link for more information. born in Stuttgart
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Stuttgart, a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of approximately 600,000 as of May 2005. OverviewStuttgart, Germany, the capital of Baden-Württemberg state (pop. 11 million, 36,000 square kilometers) and the Administrative District of Stuttgart (pop.
..... Click the link for more information. , Württemberg Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. Its capital for the by far longest period was Stuttgart. For short periods of time, the seat of the government resp. the monarch was located in Ludwigsburg and Urach. The name of the dynasty and the state originates from a steep Stuttgart hill, close to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim.
..... Click the link for more information. , in present-day southwest Germany. He received his education at the Tübinger Stift Tübinger Stift is a hall of residence and teaching of the Protestant Church in Württemberg. It was founded in 1536 by Duke Ulrich for Württemberg born students who want to be ministers or teachers. They receive a scholarship which consists of boarding, lodging and further support. At the Stift during all times from beginning high importance is placed on Philosophy and Philology.
..... Click the link for more information. (seminary of the Protestant Church in Württemberg), where he was friends with the future philosophers Friedrich Schelling and Friedrich Hölderlin Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (March 20, 1770 – June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. His work bridges the Classical and Romantic schools. LifeHölderlin was born in Lauffen am Neckar in the kingdom of Württemberg. He studied Theology at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestant Church in Württemberg), where he was friends with the future philosophers Georg Hegel and Friedrich Schelling.
..... Click the link for more information. . He became fascinated by the works of Spinoza Benedictus de Spinoza (November 24, 1632 – February 21, 1677), was named Baruch Spinoza by his synagogue elders and known as Bento de Spinoza or Bento d'Espiñoza in his native Amsterdam. Along with René Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz, he was one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy.
..... Click the link for more information. , Kant Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a German philosopher and scientist (astrophysics, mathematics, geography, anthropology) from East Prussia, generally regarded as one of Western society's and modern Europe's most influential thinkers and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. Kant defined the Enlightenment, in the essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", as an age shaped by the motto, "Dare to know". This involved thinking autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 – July 2, 1778) was a Franco-Swiss philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment. Rousseau's political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of communist and socialist theory, and the growth of nationalism.
..... Click the link for more information. , and by the French Revolution During the French Revolution (1789–1799) democracy and republicanism overthrew the absolute monarchy in France, and the French portion of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in France in the popular imagination.
..... Click the link for more information. . Modern philosophy, culture, and society seemed to Hegel fraught with contradictions and tensions, such as those between the subject and object of knowledge, mind and nature, self and other, freedom and authority, knowledge and faith, the Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a larger period which includes the Age of Reason.

The term also more specifically refers to a historical intellectual movement, "The Enlightenment." This movement advocated rationality as a means to establish an authoritative system of ethics, aesthetics, and knowledge.
..... Click the link for more information. and Romanticism Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement in the history of ideas that originated in late 18th century Western Europe. It stressed strong emotion—which now might include trepidation, awe and horror as aesthetic experiences—the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom within or even from classical notions of form in art, and overturning of previous social conventions, particularly the position of the aristocracy.
..... Click the link for more information. . Hegel's main philosophical project was to take these contradictions and tensions and interpret them as part of a comprehensive, evolving, rational unity that, in different contexts, he called "the absolute idea" or "absolute knowledge". According to Hegel, the main characteristic of this unity was that it evolved through and manifested itself in contradiction and negation. Contradiction and negation have a dynamic quality that at every point in each domain of reality -- consciousness, history, philosophy, art, nature, society -- leads to further development until a rational unity is reached that preserves the contradictions as phases and sub-parts of a larger, evolutionary whole. This whole is mental because it is mind that can comprehend all of these phases and sub-parts as steps in its own process of comprehension. It is rational because the same, underlying, logical, developmental order underlies every domain of reality and is the order of rational thought.

Many consider Hegel's thought to represent the summit of early 19th-Century Germany's movement of philosophical idealism
This article is about the philosophical notion of Idealism. Idealism is also a term in international relations theory


Idealism is an approach to Philosophical enquiry. The ideal, in these systems, is the realm of mental ideas, or images. It is usually juxtaposed with realism in which the real is said to have absolute existence prior to and independent of our knowledge.
..... Click the link for more information. . It would come to have a profound impact on many future philosophical schools such as Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophical movement that views the individual, the self, the individual's experience, and the uniqueness therein as the basis for understanding the nature of human existence. The philosophy generally reflects a belief in freedom and accepts the consequences of individual actions, while acknowledging the responsibility attendant to the making of choices.
..... Click the link for more information. , the historical materialism Historical materialism (or what Marx himself preferred to call "the materialist conception of history" - materialistischen Geschichtsauffassung) is a social theory and an approach to the study of history and sociology, normally considered as the intellectual basis of Marxism.

Historical materialism looks for the causes of developments and changes in human history in economic, technological, and more broadly, material factors, as well as the clashes of material interests among tribes, social classes and nations.
..... Click the link for more information. of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883 London, UK) was an influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmen's Association. While Marx addressed a wide range of issues, he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles, summed up in the famous opening line of the introduction to the Communist Manifesto: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.
..... Click the link for more information. , historicism Historicism has developed different and divergent, though loosely related, meanings. Elements of some appear in the extensive writings of G.W.F. Hegel, one of the most influential philosophers of 19th-century Europe, as well as in those of a philosopher he deeply influenced, Karl Marx. Variants of historicism Hegelian historicism
The historicist position proposed by Hegel suggests that any human society and all human activities such as science, art, or philosophy, are defined by their history, so that their essence can be sought only through understanding that history.
..... Click the link for more information. , and British Idealism British idealism was a philosophical movement that was influential in Britain during the mid to late nineteenth century and the early days of the twentieth century. The leading figures in the movement were T.H. Green (1836-1882), F.H. Bradley (1846-1924), and Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923). They were succeeded by the second generation of J. M. E. McTaggart, H. H. Joachim, J. H. Muirhead, and G. R. G. Mure. The doctrines of British idealism so provoked the young Cambridge philosophers G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell that they gave birth to analytic philosophy.
..... Click the link for more information. . At the same time, modern analytic and positivistic philosophers have considered Hegel a principal target because of what they consider the obscurantism Obscurantism is opposition to extension or dissemination of knowledge beyond certain limits and to questioning dogmas. Obscurantism is the opposite of freethought and is often associated with religious fundamentalism by its opponents. Indeed, it is a commonly raised accusation in debates on academic freedom, with anti-communists and others associating it with the philosophy of G.
..... Click the link for more information. of his philosophy. Hegel was aware of his 'obscurantism' and saw it as part of philosophical thinking that grasps the limitations of everyday thought and concepts and tries to go beyond them. Hegel wrote in his essay "Who Thinks Abstractly?" that it is not the philosopher who thinks abstractly but the person on the street, who uses concepts as fixed, unchangeable givens, without any context. It is the philosopher who thinks concretely, because he or she goes beyond the limits of everday concepts and understands their larger context. This can make philosophical thought and language seem mysterious or obscure to the person on the street. Life and workHegel was born in Stuttgart
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Stuttgart, a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of approximately 600,000 as of May 2005. OverviewStuttgart, Germany, the capital of Baden-Württemberg state (pop. 11 million, 36,000 square kilometers) and the Administrative District of Stuttgart (pop.
..... Click the link for more information. on 27 August, 1770 1770 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). EventsMarch 5 - Boston Massacre: 5 Americans killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American Revolutionary War 5 years later.
May 14 - Marie Antoinette arrives at the French court.
May 16 - 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year old Louis-Auguste (who later becomes Louis XVI King of France).

..... Click the link for more information. . As a child he was a voracious reader of literature, newspapers, philosophical essays, and writings on various other topics. In part, Hegel's literate childhood can be attributed to his uncharacteristically progressive mother who actively nurtured her children's intellectual development. The Hegels were a well-established middle class family in Stuttgart - his father was a civil servant in the administrative government of Württemberg Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. Its capital for the by far longest period was Stuttgart. For short periods of time, the seat of the government resp. the monarch was located in Ludwigsburg and Urach. The name of the dynasty and the state originates from a steep Stuttgart hill, close to Stuttgart-Untertürkheim.
..... Click the link for more information. . Hegel was a sickly child and almost died of illness before he was six.

Hegel attended the seminary at Tübingen Tübingen, an old university city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 20 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the River Neckar and the Ammer. The city functions as the seat of the Administrative District of Tübingen, as well as of the county of Tübingen.

In 2002 the city had 82,885 inhabitants, including circa 22,000 students.
..... Click the link for more information. with the epic poet Friedrich Hölderlin Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (March 20, 1770 – June 6, 1843) was a major German lyric poet. His work bridges the Classical and Romantic schools. LifeHölderlin was born in Lauffen am Neckar in the kingdom of Württemberg. He studied Theology at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestant Church in Württemberg), where he was friends with the future philosophers Georg Hegel and Friedrich Schelling.
..... Click the link for more information. and the objective idealist Friedrich Schelling. In their shared dislike for what was regarded as the restrictive environment of the Tübingen Tübingen, an old university city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 20 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the River Neckar and the Ammer. The city functions as the seat of the Administrative District of Tübingen, as well as of the county of Tübingen.

In 2002 the city had 82,885 inhabitants, including circa 22,000 students.
..... Click the link for more information. seminary, the three became close friends and mutually influenced each other's ideas. The three watched the unfolding of the French Revolution During the French Revolution (1789–1799) democracy and republicanism overthrew the absolute monarchy in France, and the French portion of the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. While France would oscillate among republic, empire, and monarchy for 75 years after the First Republic fell to a coup d'état by Napoleon Bonaparte, the revolution nonetheless spelled a definitive end to the ancien régime, and eclipses both subsequent revolutions in France in the popular imagination.
..... Click the link for more information. and immersed themselves in the emerging criticism of the idealist philosophy of Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a German philosopher and scientist (astrophysics, mathematics, geography, anthropology) from East Prussia, generally regarded as one of Western society's and modern Europe's most influential thinkers and the last major philosopher of the Enlightenment. Kant defined the Enlightenment, in the essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", as an age shaped by the motto, "Dare to know". This involved thinking autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Hegel's first popular work was the Phenomenology of Spirit (or Phenomenology of Mind), his account of the evolution of consciousness from sense-perception to absolute knowledge. During his life he also published the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences,, a summary of his entire philosophical system; the Science of Logic, the logical and metaphysical core of his philosophy; and the (Elements of the) Philosophy of Right, his political philosophy. A number of other works on the philosophy of history, religion, aesthetics, and the history of philosophy were compiled from the lecture notes of his students and published posthumously.

Hegel's works have a reputation for their difficulty, and for the breadth of the topics they attempt to cover. Hegel introduced a system for understanding the history of philosophy and the world itself, often described as a progression in which each successive movement emerges as a solution to the contradictions inherent in the preceding movement. For example, the French Revolution for Hegel constitutes the introduction of real freedom into western societies for the first time in recorded history. But precisely because of its absolute novelty, it is also absolutely radical: on the one hand the upsurge of violence required to carry out the revolution cannot cease to be itself, while on the other, it has already consumed its opponent. The revolution therefore has nowhere to turn but onto its own result: the hard-won freedom is consumed by a brutal Reign of Terror. History, however, progresses by learning from its mistakes: only after and precisely because of this experience can one posit the existence of a constitutional state of free citizens, embodying both the benevolent organizing power of rational government and the revolutionary ideals of freedom and equality.

Aside from Hegel's dense and difficult style which, for English readers, is additionally challenging because his terminology and idiom do not translate easily or well into English, his work can be perplexing for modern audiences because he had a teleological and rationalistic view of human society and history that are at odds with current post-modernist intellectual trends. Hegel's legacyOne common joke about Hegel's legacy for subsequent thought is that ironically Hegel has managed to be both one of the most influential thinkers in modern philosophy while simultaneously being one of the most inaccessible. Because of this, Hegel's ultimate legacy will be debated for a very long time. He has been such a formative influence on such a wide range of thinkers that one can give him credit or assign him blame for almost any position.

One famous philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer a fellow colleague of Hegel's at the University of Berlin said this about his philosophy: "The height of audacity in serving up pure nonsense, in stringing together senseless and extravagant mazes of words, such as had been only previously known in madhouses, was finally reached in Hegel, and became the instrument of the most barefaced, general mystification that has ever taken place, with a result which will appear fabulous to posterity, as a monument to German stupidity."

Historians have spoken of Hegel's influence as represented by two opposing camps. The Right Hegelians, the direct disciples of Hegel at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (now known as the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), advocated evangelical orthodoxy and the political conservatism of the post-Napoleon Restoration period.

The Left Hegelians, also known as the Young Hegelians, interpreted Hegel in a revolutionary sense, leading to an advocation of atheism in religion and liberal democracy in politics. Thinkers and writers traditionally associated with the Young Hegelians include Bruno Bauer, Arnold Ruge, David Friedrich Strauss, Ludwig Feuerbach, Max Stirner, and most famously, the younger Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - all of whom knew and were familiar with the writings of each other. A group of the Young Hegelians known as Die Freien ("The Free") gathered frequently for debate in Hippel's Weinstube (a winebar) in Friedrichsstrasse, in Berlin in the 1830's and 1840's. In this environment, some of the most influential thinking of the last 160 years was nurtured - the radical critique and fierce debates of the Young Hegelians inspired and shaped influential ideas of atheism, humanism, communism, anarchism and egoism.

Except for Marx and Marxists, almost none of the so-called "Left Hegelians" actually described themselves as followers of Hegel, and several of them openly repudiated or insulted the legacy of Hegel's philosophy. Nevertheless, this historical category is often deemed useful in modern academic philosophy. The critiques of Hegel offered from the "Left Hegelians" led the line of Hegel's thinking into radically new directions - and form an important part of the literature on and about Hegel.

In modern accounts of Hegelianism — to undergraduate classes, for example — Hegel's dialectic often appears broken up for convenience into three moments called "thesis" (in the French historical example, the revolution), "antithesis" (the terror which followed), and "synthesis" (the constitutional state of free citizens). Hegel used this classification only once, when discussing Kant: it was developed earlier by Fichte in his loosely analogous account of the relation between the individual subject and the world. Much Hegel scholarship does not recognize the usefulness of this triadic classification for shedding light on Hegel's thought. Although Hegel refers to "the two elemental considerations: first, the idea of freedom as the absolute and final aim; secondly, the means for realising it, i.e. the subjective side of knowledge and will, with its life, movement, and activity" (thesis and antithesis) he doesn't use "synthesis" but instead speaks of the "Whole": "We then recognised the State as the moral Whole and the Reality of Freedom, and consequently as the objective unity of these two elements."

Hegel used this system of dialectics to explain the whole of the history of philosophy, science, art, politics and religion, but many modern critics point out that Hegel often seems to gloss over the realities of history in order to fit it into his dialectical mold. Karl Popper, a critic of Hegel in The Open Society and Its Enemies, suggests that the Hegel's system forms a thinly veiled justification for the rule of Frederick William III, and that Hegel's idea of the ultimate goal of history is to reach a state approximating that of 1830s Prussia. This view of Hegel as an apologist of state power and precursor of 20th century totalitarianism was criticized thoroughly by Herbert Marcuse in his Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory, on the grounds that Hegel was not an apologist for any state or form of authority simply because it existed: for Hegel the state must always be rational. Arthur Schopenhauer despised Hegel on account of the latter's historicism (among other reasons), and decried Hegel's work as obscurantist "pseudo-philosophy". Many other newer philosophers who prefer to follow the tradition of British Philosophy have made similar statements. But even in Britain, Hegel exercised a major influence on the philosophical school called "British Idealism," which included Francis Herbert Bradley and Bernard Bosanquet, in England, and Josiah Royce at Harvard.

In the 20th century, Hegel's philosophy underwent a major renaissance. This was due partly to the rediscovery and reevaluation of him as the philosophical progenitor of Marxism by philosophically oriented Marxists, partly through a resurgence of the historical perspective that Hegel brought to everything, and partly through increasing recognition of the importance of his dialectical method. The book that did the most to reintroduce Hegel into the Marxist canon was perhaps Georg Lukacs's History and Class Consciousness. This sparked a renewed interest in Hegel reflected in the work of Herbert Marcuse, Theodor Adorno, Ernst Bloch, Raya Dunayevskaya, Alexandre Kojève and Gotthard Günther among others. The Hegel renaissance also highlighted the significance of Hegel's early works, i.e. those published prior to the Phenomenology of Spirit. More recently two prominent American philosophers, John McDowell and Robert Brandom (sometimes, half-seriously, referred to as the Pittsburgh Hegelians), have exhibited a marked Hegelian influence. Beginning in the 1960's, Anglo-American Hegel scholarship has attempted to challenge the traditional interpretation of Hegel as offering a metaphysical system. This view, often referred to as the 'non-metaphysical option', has had a decided influence on most major English language studies of Hegel in the past 40 years. The works of U.S. neoconservative Francis Fukuyama's controversial book The End of History and the Last Man was heavily influenced by Hegel's interpreter Alexandre Kojève. Among modern scientists, the physicist David Bohm, the mathematician William Lawvere, the logician Kurt Godel and the biologist Ernst Mayr have been deeply interested in or influenced by Hegel's philosophical work

THE FUTURE of CYBER-SEX and RELATIONSHIP FIDELITY:
A Brave New World Booklet by Marlene M. Maheu, Ph.D.*
Cyber-Safety


The Internet has no life of its own. It is inanimate. Human beings make it safe or dangerous. Much as we navigate a crowded parking lot at the mall, our awareness and intention determine our safety on the Internet.

As our ability to construct new environment increases, our ability to misuse these environments will also increase. Examples of such misuse can include technological surveillance techniques and other technology-based invasions of privacy or cyber-harassment. Misuse of technology also involves exposing our youth to cyber-crime.

Societal Responsibility
Children can access and explore relationships and sexuality online in ways that most adults find alarming. Internet use opens the door to unprecedented freedom without responsibility. Children can undoubtedly find their way to forbidden sexual arenas on the Internet, whether through their own ingenuity, or by encouragement by their friends and classmates. What will happen to children who are exposed to cyber-sexual stimulation too early in their development? Imagine a fourteen-year-old, experienced in cyber-sex for several years, going on a first date in the real world.

It is obviously important for parents to keep a watchful eye on their youth as they gain exposure to romance and sexuality through the Internet. Teaching children to use the Internet can be compared to teaching them to drive. There are many benefits from both, but there are also dangers. With proper attention, children can benefit from the Internet, and yet use caution. When viewed in light of the report of the limited resources being allocated to computer crime, there is an immediate need for parents to not only be aware of their children and teenager's activities, but also serve as role models for responsible use of the Internet in the future.

Future Solutions
Technological safety calls for action. Educating yourself about such issues is the first step. As Dale Spender writes, in Nattering on the Net: Women, Power, and Cyberspace, "Cyberspace is a less costly and time consuming method of communication for women than the use of a telephone or writing a letter…Cyberspace is here to stay. The most responsible stand that feminists can take is to find out how it works and to become decision-makers in the process…." Everyone concerned with personal and public safety needs to become a decision maker with respect to technology. Supporting Internet Service Providers who establish procedures for complaints of cyber-harassment and conspicuously post them on their websites is another way to make a difference. Contacting your legislative representatives to keep them focused on these issues is another. Supporting legislators that help pass and enforce laws related to cyber-safety can also be effective.

Regarding children, technology can be used to deter or prevent access to Internet pornography through software packages that require electronic signatures, passwords, or biometric scanners, which identify a person by physical attribute.

Of course, the problem with this type of monitoring software is that a child merely needs to find a neighborhood friend with an unmonitored computer, and spend the evening doing "homework" in the secrecy of that friend's bedroom. Clearly, public education is crucial as the Internet continues to expand, reaching into our homes, our bedrooms, and the minds of our children.

Indeed, the most reasonable solution to problems related to cyber-safety is to train parents and teachers to educate children in beneficial, rather than detrimental use of the Internet. Such instruction will need to be delivered through adult education classes, churches, and grammar, middle, and high school systems. As distance learning and education become available online, this training will also become available through the Internet itself. Given the nature of the problem, it is also to be expected that funding for such classes will come from local, national, and international sources.

Part of this training will involve how parents and children communicate about sexuality. As with every other complicated and potentially harmful activity, parents must spend time on the Internet with their children if they expect them to develop responsible Internet skills. The children who will best succeed to absorb the values taught by their parents are those who are allowed to discuss these values with their parents and friends, retain a sense of themselves, and have those values reinforced by educational experiences through schools and libraries.

Children, teens, and adults can benefit maximally from the Internet if they have learned and integrated the values that help them make positive choices to stay away from relationship and sexual abuses of the Internet, such as involved with the deceit and betrayal of cyber-infidelity.

As complied by Simon

Cyber Security Practices to Stay Safe Online

The widespread availability of computers and connections to the Internet provides everyone with 24/7 access to information, credit and financial services, and shopping. The Internet is also an incredible tool for educators and students to communicate and learn.

Unfortunately, some individuals exploit the Internet through criminal behavior and other harmful acts. Criminals can try to gain unauthorized access to your computer and then use that access to steal your identity, commit fraud, or even launch cyber attacks against others. By following the recommended cyber security practices outlined here, you can limit the harm cyber criminals can do not only to your computer, but to everyone's computer.

However, there is no single cyber security practice or technological solution that will prevent online crime. These recommended cyber security practices highlight that using a set of practices that include Internet habits as well as technology solutions can make a difference.

The National Cyber Security Alliance's Top Eight Cyber Security Practices are practical steps you can take to stay safe online and avoid becoming a victim of fraud, identity theft, or cyber crime

In education, teachers are those who teach students or pupils, often a course of study or a practical skill, including learning and thinking skills. There are many different ways to teach and help students learn. This is often referred to as the teacher's pedagogy. When deciding what teaching method to use, a teacher will need to consider students' background knowledge, environment, and their learning goals.
As teachers is of utmost importances that we become the change and catalyse the development of the world in general ,There is no point being teachers without having the ability to affect life and acquire some extra knowlage in different field of studies .
From my point of view teachers are the pillar and the determinant factor of any nations development such is the case for the youths whom we are looking out to affect .
In we have a shallow mind or ideals then we beginning to consentrate on our individual specialization in teaching then how do public opiouno rise and how does awareness come in .
We are talking about employment ,cant we do something to justify the terminology teachers .I guess you must have heard of teachers without borders ,Have you ? .If not then I think we are narrowing the scope of teaching to school sylabus and the four walls of the school which means we arent teachers .
I want to state unequivocally thaw we have to learn about the world development as well as our enviroment ,their effects amongst others this way we can stand as teachers with vast knowlage and to this effect lets talk about general matters ,like biotechnology ,lets not shy away from it ,lets talk about new things that we don’t know no matter what our specialization is .
Always remember that teachers are leaders and a leader must be able to know what makes the world stand without a pillar…..Simon
A life on felt is a life unleaved ……[Simon ]So lets be the change and develop something that could be beneficial to both youths and us in general and biotech would be a great area to talk on and develop .
What made india great today is the little things people and great countries country neglect they pick them up and work on them .We could have a farm and thus create employment for all and take students to farm that way poverty would be history .
We can do a lot united .
I don’t mean to be controvasial ,I crave your indulgence my lenard collegues ,brothers and sister but let give a bigger sight to our enviroment that was we would be aware of what we are teachers. Student could ask you in class why is their Hurricane going on in America ? Can you answer that ? Those are questions that are under moral studies !
Lets not go searching for job ,Lets create Jobs .We are Teachers and Leaders .Our Enviroment God created with great stuffs that would be beneficial to us ,Lets just look for it and Show the Way that’s why we are teachers .

Long live Teachers !

I was on the look yesterday for some better days when yet another malady strucked leaving 3 persons dead .The death of the 3 persons was as a result of the police and the army in Clash in Lagos yesterday at the Zone C' Police station Surulere .This is the first of its kind in Nigeria and was very brutal leaving many homeless .
This goes a long ways to sending signals to the world that we need collective effort to keep this country alive ,Both Nigerians home and in Diaspora should understand that this is our time to make a change to the countries series of maladies.
Information reaching me as at this time has render no specific reason for the out fire to fire out burst between the two big names in the force .If correct then this has showcase the inability of the police to control crimes besides that we have had cases of innocent persons being killed by the police like the apple killing in abuja .

Three Nigerians have died in clashes in Lagos as soldiers fought running battles with police.
The dead were civilians caught in the crossfire of a battle that began when a soldier and policeman argued over who had the right to a free ride on a bus. The police officer hit out at the soldier, who raised the alarm at a nearby barracks, sparking violence. Soldiers and police then exchanged live fire across the main highway in Lagos, the country's largest city.
Some 60 vehicles, including 20 police cars, were set ablaze during the clashes.
Urban 'warfare'
Troops were reported to have stormed a police station, setting it on fire and freeing scores of prisoners. "They were shooting at the police and the police were shooting back," local resident Kanayo Azubogo told the Associated Press. "The soldiers went to the Western Avenue police station and set it on fire."
One police officer described the scene as "like a war".
The BBC's Sola Odunfa in Lagos says that there were several different versions of how the violence began, but the most common account was that the soldier and policeman came to blows after disagreeing over which of them had the right to a free ride in a bus. The established practice is that one member of the security forces does not have to pay a fare on any bus.
The violence that followed was the worst of its kind in recent years, he said. Law enforcement throughout Lagos broke down for about five hours, as uniformed policemen deserted streets across the city for fear of being attacked.
Senior officers eventually visited the scene of the clashes and re-asserted control. The governor of Lagos, Bola Tinubu, and Police Commissioner Ade Ajakaye appealed for calm from all sides rather than provide a solutions for the casualties they parade themselves with crerimonous attair and big grammer .What are the Hope for the poor people?.Will there ever be a stop to this? What is voice of the Poor?,Will the burnt cars and houses be rebuilt?,Who is to Blame? and Will Nigeria ever be better? If so When and By Who ? This are questions that have remained unanswered .Perhaps you have an Ideal lets here it out?